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影響油脂精煉吸附脫色的因素有哪些油(you)(you)(you)脂精煉過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)在于獲得油(you)(you)(you)脂色(se)(se)(se)澤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)善和(he)為油(you)(you)(you)脂脫(tuo)(tuo)臭提(ti)供(gong)合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原料(liao)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)。因(yin)此,油(you)(you)(you)脂精煉過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)油(you)(you)(you)脂色(se)(se)(se)度標(biao)準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制訂,需要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據油(you)(you)(you)脂以(yi)(yi)及(ji)其制品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),以(yi)(yi)及(ji)力求(qiu)在低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)耗下(xia)獲得油(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)(se)在大限度上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)善為度。1,油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質以(yi)(yi)及(ji)前處理油(you)(you)(you)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然色(se)(se)(se)素(su)(su)較易脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu),而(er)油(you)(you)(you)料(liao)儲存和(he)油(you)(you)(you)脂生產(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新生色(se)(se)(se)素(su)(su)或者(zhe)因(yin)為氧化而(er)固定了的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)(se)(se)素(su)(su),一(yi)般比較難脫(tuo)(tuo)除(chu)。由此可見,提(ti)高(gao)毛油(you)(you)(you)質量(liang),避免油(you)(you)(you)脂在加(jia)(jia)工環節(jie)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化,才(cai)能確保脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果。油(you)(you)(you)脂精煉脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)前處理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)脂質量(liang)對(dui)脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響也甚為重要(yao)(yao)。當待脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)油(you)(you)(you)中殘留(liu)膠質、皂粒和(he)懸(xuan)浮物雜質時,這些雜質會占據吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分(fen)活(huo)(huo)(huo)化表面,從而(er)降(jiang)低脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)或者(zhe)增加(jia)(jia)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用量(liang)。2, 吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)和(he)用量(liang)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)影(ying)響脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)(su)。不(bu)同種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑(ji)(ji)(ji)具有各自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing),根(gen)據油(you)(you)(you)脂脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),合理選(xuan)擇吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑(ji)(ji)(ji),才(cai)能經(jing)濟地(di)獲得脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果。活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)白土(tu)(tu)是(shi)油(you)(you)(you)脂脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)附劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。不(bu)同規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)白土(tu)(tu)所(suo)表現出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能各異(yi)。其活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)度受到原土(tu)(tu)、酸(suan)處理、水分(fen)等因(yin)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。在期(qi)望獲得高(gao)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時,還應該考慮到這些因(yin)素(su)(su)對(dui)油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)酸(suan)值、過(guo)(guo)(guo)濾速率(lv)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)油(you)(you)(you)損(sun)(sun)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。某(mou)種油(you)(you)(you)品(pin)在特定脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)(se)(se)條件下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)白土(tu)(tu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)添(tian)加(jia)(jia)量(liang)一(yi)般可通過(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)驗(yan)室小樣試驗(yan)加(jia)(jia)以(yi)(yi)優選(xuan)。了解詳情 →2023-09-26
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軋胚機的保養與事故處理軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)胚(pei)機(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)油廠的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵設備之一,售價(jia)高、機(ji)體笨重、修理費用(yong)高。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產過(guo)(guo)程中,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)精心保養(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)延長使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命,這(zhe)對(dui)于增加(jia)(jia)效益和(he)降低成本等(deng)(deng)都(dou)有很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)胚(pei)機(ji)經過(guo)(guo)長期運(yun)轉,往(wang)往(wang)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)面兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊磨(mo)(mo)損較為(wei)嚴(yan)(yan)重的(de)(de)現(xian)象,從而影響(xiang)(xiang)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)胚(pei)效果。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)每周都(dou)應該安(an)排一定(ding)時(shi)間,用(yong)砂輪(lun)或(huo)者(zhe)其他辦法將軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊部分磨(mo)(mo)一磨(mo)(mo)。如果對(dui)油料(liao)清(qing)雜(za)不(bu)(bu)好,石(shi)頭、小鐵塊(kuai)等(deng)(deng)雜(za)質進(jin)入軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)胚(pei)機(ji)內,往(wang)往(wang)造(zao)成輥(gun)面的(de)(de)點蝕,致使(shi)(shi)光(guang)滑的(de)(de)輥(gun)面出(chu)現(xian)凹坑,軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)出(chu)的(de)(de)料(liao)胚(pei)厚薄不(bu)(bu)均,影響(xiang)(xiang)出(chu)油,這(zhe)時(shi)就(jiu)得更換壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun),將有凹坑的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)重新(xin)車平(ping)。壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)輥(gun)面積硬度(du)增大(da),車削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工比較困難。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)胚(pei)機(ji)有時(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)吃料(liao)或(huo)者(zhe)吃料(liao)少的(de)(de)現(xian)象。會(hui)嚴(yan)(yan)重影響(xiang)(xiang)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)胚(pei)機(ji)的(de)(de)效率。軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)胚(pei)機(ji)振(zhen)動大(da)是(shi)(shi)(shi)引起壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)不(bu)(bu)吃料(liao)的(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)原因。抖動的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun),不(bu)(bu)斷地給(gei)油料(liao)一個(ge)(ge)向(xiang)(xiang)上的(de)(de)力,使(shi)(shi)得油料(liao)被壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)拋起、落下(xia),始終在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)之間跳上跳下(xia)。發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)不(bu)(bu)吃料(liao)時(shi)候,應該找出(chu)原因,絕不(bu)(bu)能將光(guang)滑的(de)(de)輥(gun)面人為(wei)地刨些坑,以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)增加(jia)(jia)摩(mo)擦(ca)力而使(shi)(shi)之吃料(liao)。斷軸和(he)掉(diao)輥(gun)邊。為(wei)了保證軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)胚(pei)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu),在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)直度(du)逐漸加(jia)(jia)大(da)時(shi),就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)增加(jia)(jia)彈簧壓(ya)(ya)力。這(zhe)樣使(shi)(shi)軸承處(chu)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)承受一個(ge)(ge)徑向(xiang)(xiang)力,一旦料(liao)流不(bu)(bu)均勻,特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)入鐵器和(he)石(shi)子(zi)等(deng)(deng)硬物,使(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)壓(ya)(ya)輥(gun)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)碰撞,這(zhe)瞬時(shi)的(de)(de)沖擊(ji)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)當大(da)的(de)(de)。多(duo)次(ci)的(de)(de)沖擊(ji)的(de)(de)結果,超過(guo)(guo)軸的(de)(de)疲勞限度(du),就(jiu)會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)斷軸或(huo)者(zhe)掉(diao)邊現(xian)象。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)應該強調,操(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)調節軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)距的(de)(de)彈簧不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)太(tai)緊,不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)入鐵器,料(liao)流要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)均勻以(yi)(yi)(yi)及不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)斷料(liao)等(deng)(deng),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)防止此(ci)類事故發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)有效措施。了解詳情 →2023-09-26
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什么是層蝶式汽提塔?層蝶(die)式(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)塔(ta)(ta)是國(guo)內浸出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)廠使(shi)用(yong)較多的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)設備(bei)。若按照水蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)對混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)次數,層蝶(die)式(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)塔(ta)(ta)可分(fen)為單段(duan)式(shi)和雙段(duan)式(shi)兩(liang)種(zhong)。雙段(duan)蝶(die)式(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)塔(ta)(ta),它主要有(you)頂蓋、上(shang)塔(ta)(ta)體、中(zhong)塔(ta)(ta)體、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)塔(ta)(ta)體以及底(di)(di)蓋所組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)上(shang)塔(ta)(ta)體和下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)塔(ta)(ta)體內各有(you)6-9組(zu)(zu)(zu)碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)。每(mei)組(zu)(zu)(zu)碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)都(dou)由(you)滯流(liu)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)、錐形(xing)分(fen)配(pei)碟和環形(xing)分(fen)配(pei)碟組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。上(shang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)塔(ta)(ta)體的(de)外殼均裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)夾(jia)套(tao),在(zai)(zai)夾(jia)套(tao)中(zhong)通入(ru)343-441kPa的(de)加熱蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對塔(ta)(ta)內的(de)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)行間接(jie)加熱。中(zhong)塔(ta)(ta)體和底(di)(di)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)內各有(you)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)直接(jie)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴入(ru)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。這組(zu)(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置由(you)集(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)、導流(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、中(zhong)心管(guan)(guan)(guan)、直接(jie)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴管(guan)(guan)(guan)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。來(lai)自(zi)(zi)第二(er)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發器的(de)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you),進(jin)(jin)入(ru)層蝶(die)式(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)塔(ta)(ta)的(de)進(jin)(jin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)之后,自(zi)(zi)上(shang)而(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)逐次流(liu)經每(mei)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)。到(dao)達中(zhong)塔(ta)(ta)體的(de)集(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)底(di)(di)的(de)阻(zu)攔,被(bei)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)溶劑蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和水蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)繞過集(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)向(xiang)上(shang)移動,而(er)油(you)(you)(you)(you)被(bei)阻(zu)留落下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。之后,混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)又沿著下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)塔(ta)(ta)體內的(de)各組(zu)(zu)(zu)碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)逐次流(liu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),到(dao)達底(di)(di)蓋內,在(zai)(zai)直接(jie)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噴入(ru)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置中(zhong)又一(yi)(yi)次被(bei)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti),汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)溶劑蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和水蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)自(zi)(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)上(shang)逐級通過每(mei)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)的(de)空隙(xi),與碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)表面(mian)流(liu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)液膜狀混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)充分(fen)接(jie)觸(chu),使(shi)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)得到(dao)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)。到(dao)達頂部的(de)混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)冷凝器。經汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)后的(de)浸出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)毛油(you)(you)(you)(you)從(cong)底(di)(di)部的(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)通過液封裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置排出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。層蝶(die)式(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)塔(ta)(ta)結構較為簡單,操作(zuo)方(fang)便,工藝效果(guo)好。但是必須注意的(de):每(mei)一(yi)(yi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)的(de)制造質量(liang)和是否水平安裝(zhuang)(zhuang),將影響混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)液膜的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)與氣(qi)(qi)液相接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)面(mian)積;直接(jie)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)含水,會造成(cheng)毛油(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)磷脂的(de)析(xi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);直接(jie)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓力過高(gao)或者用(yong)量(liang)過大(da),會形(xing)成(cheng)液泛現(xian)(xian)象(xiang);混(hun)合(he)(he)(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)含雜(za)太多,則使(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)塔(ta)(ta)碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)表面(mian)的(de)結垢現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)嚴重(zhong),毛油(you)(you)(you)(you)質量(liang)降低(di);若采用(yong)多段(duan)式(shi),應使(shi)上(shang)層直接(jie)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓力低(di)于下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)層。直接(jie)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)好采用(yong)低(di)壓過熱蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。層蝶(die)式(shi)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)(ti)塔(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)檢(jian)修(xiu)時碟盤(pan)(pan)(pan)(pan)的(de)清理(li)比較麻煩。了解詳情 →2019-03-05
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油脂精煉脫臭過程中有哪些損耗油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精煉脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)在(zai)任何情況(kuang)下,蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)均取(qu)(qu)決于(yu)脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)時間、通氣速(su)(su)率、操作(zuo)壓(ya)力和(he)(he)溫度、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)游(you)離(li)(li)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)皂化(hua)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)量(liang)以及甘油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)酯的(de)(de)(de)(de)組(zu)分(fen)(fen)等因素。在(zai)汽提(ti)(ti)脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)過程中(zhong),有(you)(you)相(xiang)當(dang)數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)由于(yu)飛濺在(zai)汽提(ti)(ti)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽中(zhong)而損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci),脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)總損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)包括(kuo)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)和(he)(he)飛濺損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)。不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、設(she)備以及不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian),其脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)總損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)盡一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)。汽提(ti)(ti)脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)過程中(zhong),低分(fen)(fen)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)醛類、酮類以及游(you)離(li)(li)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)容(rong)易蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)出(chu)(chu)來,隨著脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)加深,油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內原有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)離(li)(li)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)經(jing)過脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)后幾乎完全被(bei)除(chu)去,因此(ci)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)硬包括(kuo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)離(li)(li)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)量(liang)。此(ci)外(wai),根(gen)據(ju)反應方程可知,汽提(ti)(ti)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽不(bu)(bu)可避免地(di)要(yao)引起部(bu)分(fen)(fen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)解,因油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)解所生成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這部(bu)分(fen)(fen)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan),也構成(cheng)(cheng)了蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)。根(gen)據(ju)經(jing)驗,當(dang)游(you)離(li)(li)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)含(han)(han)量(liang)降低至0.015%-0.03%時,游(you)離(li)(li)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)除(chu)速(su)(su)率與裂解生成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)率即達到平(ping)衡。蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)還包括(kuo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)甾醇和(he)(he)其他不(bu)(bu)皂化(hua)物(wu),盡管這部(bu)分(fen)(fen)物(wu)質較(jiao)游(you)離(li)(li)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)難(nan)于(yu)揮發(fa),但是(shi)在(zai)脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)餾(liu)出(chu)(chu)物(wu)卻占有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)比例,它們構成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)耗(hao)(hao)取(qu)(qu)決于(yu)脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)操作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。以大豆油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)例,在(zai)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)脫(tuo)臭(chou)(chou)(chou)溫度下,甾醇及不(bu)(bu)皂化(hua)物(wu)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)脫(tuo)除(chu)率約為(wei)(wei)60%,而在(zai)一般(ban)操作(zuo)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下脫(tuo)出(chu)(chu)率較(jiao)低。了解詳情 →2019-03-05
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油脂加工廠衛生要求油(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)廠(chang)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求是(shi)油(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)“原(yuan)料—加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)—成品—包裝—儲(chu)運(yun)—市場(chang)“的(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)流(liu)程中,物料自始(shi)至終處(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生和不被污(wu)染的(de)環(huan)境(jing)之中,油(you)廠(chang)設(she)計是(shi)在(zai)油(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)中對(dui)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)衛生至關重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)保障,所以(yi)(yi)設(she)計中必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)、生產(chan)設(she)施(shi)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)以(yi)(yi)及過程、檢驗設(she)備(bei)、貯運(yun)過程等要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求條(tiao)件按照(zhao)油(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)令、規(gui)范執行。1,廠(chang)區(qu)(qu)環(huan)境(jing) 油(you)廠(chang)廠(chang)址要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)選擇地勢(shi)干燥、交(jiao)通(tong)方便、有(you)(you)充足水(shui)源(yuan)的(de)地區(qu)(qu),廠(chang)區(qu)(qu)周(zhou)圍(wei)不得有(you)(you)污(wu)染源(yuan),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)遠離有(you)(you)害(hai)場(chang)所。廠(chang)區(qu)(qu)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)衛生清(qing)潔,物品堆放(fang)(fang)整齊,加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)后廢棄(qi)物存放(fang)(fang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)遠離生產(chan)車(che)(che)間(jian)(jian)(jian),且不得位于(yu)(yu)(yu)車(che)(che)間(jian)(jian)(jian)上風向(xiang)。2,車(che)(che)間(jian)(jian)(jian)環(huan)境(jing) 車(che)(che)間(jian)(jian)(jian)應保持整潔,場(chang)地應堅(jian)硬、平坦,排水(shui)、通(tong)風良好。車(che)(che)間(jian)(jian)(jian)應有(you)(you)充足的(de)空間(jian)(jian)(jian),便于(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)備(bei)安裝、維護(hu)、物料儲(chu)存運(yun)輸、衛生清(qing)理人員通(tong)行。如場(chang)地要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)易于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)消(xiao)(xiao)毒、防(fang)(fang)霉、防(fang)(fang)腐,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)具備(bei)消(xiao)(xiao)毒、防(fang)(fang)蠅、防(fang)(fang)鼠(shu)、更衣、洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)污(wu)水(shui)排放(fang)(fang)、存放(fang)(fang)廢棄(qi)物的(de)設(she)施(shi)。車(che)(che)間(jian)(jian)(jian)環(huan)境(jing)溫度、濕度、通(tong)風條(tiao)件應該(gai)滿足生產(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)和規(gui)程要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。了解詳情 →2019-03-05
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國務院機構改革:組建國家糧食和物資儲備局3月13日,十三屆全國(guo)(guo)人大一次(ci)會(hui)議召開第(di)四次(ci)全體(ti)會(hui)議,聽取國(guo)(guo)務委員(yuan)王勇關于國(guo)(guo)務院機構(gou)改(gai)革方(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)說明。該方(fang)(fang)案(an)顯示,將(jiang)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)糧食(shi)局(ju)的(de)職(zhi)責,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發展和(he)(he)改(gai)革委員(yuan)會(hui)的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)實施國(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略物資(zi)收儲(chu)、輪(lun)換和(he)(he)管理,管理國(guo)(guo)家(jia)糧食(shi)、棉花(hua)和(he)(he)食(shi)糖儲(chu)備(bei)(bei)等(deng)職(zhi)責,以(yi)及民(min)政部(bu)、商務部(bu)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)局(ju)等(deng)部(bu)門(men)的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)實施戰略和(he)(he)應(ying)急儲(chu)備(bei)(bei)物資(zi)收儲(chu)、輪(lun)換和(he)(he)日常管理職(zhi)責整合,組(zu)建國(guo)(guo)家(jia)糧食(shi)和(he)(he)物資(zi)儲(chu)備(bei)(bei)局(ju),由國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發展和(he)(he)改(gai)革委員(yuan)會(hui)管理。了解詳情 →2019-03-05
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糧食輸送機電機的選擇電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)糧食輸(shu)(shu)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中可(ke)以稱得上(shang)(shang)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)件(jian),它是(shi)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)整(zheng)個糧食輸(shu)(shu)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。因此選擇好電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)糧食輸(shu)(shu)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)來說是(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)關重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。不(bu)只是(shi)因為(wei)其自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常運轉(zhuan)有(you)必要(yao)還因為(wei)糧食輸(shu)(shu)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能否正常工作(zuo)關系著整(zheng)個糧食輸(shu)(shu)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常運轉(zhuan)和(he)工作(zuo)效率。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)糧食輸(shu)(shu)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),在(zai)選用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候盡量(liang)選用(yong)(yong)有(you)短路裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),這樣做的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因是(shi)因為(wei)有(you)短路裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),主要(yao)體(ti)現在(zai)以下幾點(dian)。1、短路保護(hu)宜(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)低(di)壓斷路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),也可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)瞬(shun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)在(zai)兩相上(shang)(shang)裝(zhuang)設。2、熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熔(rong)斷體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)應大于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),且(qie)其安秒特(te)性曲線計算偏(pian)差后,略(lve)高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)點(dian)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻繁(fan),熔(rong)斷體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)再加大1~2級。瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)瞬(shun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),應取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2~2.5倍。3、熱(re)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)過(guo)載(zai)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),其值應接(jie)(jie)近額(e)定(ding)(ding)值。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宜(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)專用(yong)(yong)開關,一(yi)(yi)(yi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)共用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)應能接(jie)(jie)通和(he)斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堵轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。4、連續運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)(dai)式輸(shu)(shu)送機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu)或(huo)(huo)短路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu),宜(yi)(yi)裝(zhuang)設斷相熱(re)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu)或(huo)(huo)溫(wen)度保護(hu)。低(di)壓保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宜(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)低(di)壓斷路器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁線圈,其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)路宜(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主回(hui)路供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)及其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宜(yi)(yi)共用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)隔(ge)離(li)(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。5、低(di)壓交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)路上(shang)(shang)應在(zai)每(mei)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)裝(zhuang)隔(ge)離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),或(huo)(huo)共用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)短路保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)隔(ge)離(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主回(hui)路導線的(de)(de)(de)(de)載(zai)流(liu)量(liang)不(bu)應小(xiao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),并(bing)對(dui)其機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械強度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)在(zai)短路條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)穩定(ding)(ding)性進(jin)行校驗。了解詳情 →2019-03-05